In the matter decided on 01 July 2025, the Delhi High Court held that a valid arbitration agreement can arise through WhatsApp and email communications, even in the absence of a formally signed contract. The case involved a dispute between Belvedere Resources DMCC (UAE) and OCL Iron and Steel Ltd., following the cancellation of a coal sale contract worth USD 2,777,000 by SMN Ltd., which was later amalgamated with OCL. The Court observed that under Section 7(4)(b) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, arbitration agreements can be formed through electronic communications if the conduct of parties indicates acceptance. On territorial jurisdiction, the Court ruled that no part of the cause of action arose in Delhi. The presence of a branch office or assets is insufficient to confer jurisdiction in a contract dispute. The Court also held that security/attachment cannot be granted, as damages are not a debt until adjudicated. There was no evidence of intent to defraud or dispose of assets. Accordingly, the Court upheld the arbitration agreement, declined jurisdiction, and rejected the security application.