The demand for women’s political reservation in India dates back to 1996, when the first bill was introduced but failed to pass. Similar attempts in 1998, 1999, and 2008 also did not succeed due to dissolution of Lok Sabha or lapse of the bill. After nearly 27 years, the proposal was finally enacted as the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023. The need for this law arose from the low representation of women in legislatures, with less than 15% in the Lok Sabha and even lower percentages in many state assemblies. The primary objective of the Act is to correct gender imbalance and promote inclusive governance. It provides for one-third reservation of seats for women in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies. This also includes one-third of seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The amendment aligns with India’s international commitments under CEDAW and builds upon the success of reservations for women in local bodies under the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments. The Act introduces Article 330A for the Lok Sabha and Article 332A for state assemblies, ensuring one-third reservation. It also amends Article 239AA for the Delhi Legislative Assembly. Article 334A provides that the reservation will come into effect only after the next census and delimitation exercise and will continue for 15 years. Reserved seats will rotate after each delimitation. However, implementation is delayed. Since census and delimitation are pending, the reservation is expected to be operational only by the 2029 general elections.