In Jayakrishna Menon v. Krishnankutty, the Supreme Court reinforced animal welfare jurisprudence by ordering the Kerala Government to take custody of Raman, Kerala’s tallest captive elephant, and shift him to a suitable rescue or rehabilitation centre. The Court emphasized that animal welfare is a constitutional and legal obligation, observing that courts “cannot be mute spectators in matters pertaining to voiceless animals.” The dispute arose after an undertaking was given to the Supreme Court that Raman would not be used for temple or commercial purposes during the pendency of an ownership dispute. However, the elephant was later found participating in a temple festival procession. Holding that such participation violated the undertaking, the Court found the caretaker guilty of civil contempt and imposed a fine. Prioritizing the elephant’s welfare over competing ownership claims, the Court held that animals are living beings entitled to dignity and protection, not mere property. Relying on constitutional principles, particularly Article 51A(g), and the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the Court directed the State to provide care for Raman until the ownership dispute is finally resolved.