In C v. A & Anr., the Supreme Court held that an acquittal in a rape case does not prevent courts from ordering a DNA test in a subsequent civil dispute concerning paternity and inheritance rights. The Court clarified that criminal liability and biological parentage are distinct issues governed by different standards of proof. While a criminal case requires proof beyond reasonable doubt, civil disputes are decided on the balance of probabilities. The case involved a man who was acquitted of rape but later faced a civil suit by a person claiming to be his biological son and seeking inheritance rights. Upholding the Trial Court and High Court orders, the Supreme Court ruled that DNA testing is the most reliable scientific method for determining parentage and may be directed when necessary to resolve disputes. The Court further held that the right to privacy is not absolute and must be balanced against an individual’s right to know their biological identity and establish legal rights. Since paternity could not be conclusively determined through any other evidence, the Court found the DNA test to be a necessary, proportionate, and legally justified measure.