SC: Citing AI-generated fake precedents is advocate misconduct

SC: Citing AI-generated fake precedents is advocate misconduct

In Pooja Ramesh Singh v. Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd. & Anr. (2026), the Supreme Court held that citing AI-generated fake or hallucinated judgments amounts to professional misconduct by advocates and renders judgments based on such precedents legally unsustainable. The case arose after six non-existent judgments were found to have been relied upon by the NCLT and NCLAT while admitting insolvency proceedings under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. A Bench of Justice P.S. Narasimha and Justice Alok Aradhe ruled that advocates have a duty to verify every citation before presenting it to the court, while judges must ensure reliance only on authentic legal authorities. The Court clarified that AI may assist legal research but cannot replace human verification. It set aside the NCLT and NCLAT orders and directed the Bar Council of India to frame guidelines regulating the use of AI-generated legal material in legal practice.