In Bumba v. State of West Bengal, the Supreme Court stressed that police and courts must act as initial filters to prevent criminal prosecutions that have no reasonable prospect of conviction, especially where disputes are predominantly civil in nature. Examining the scope of discharge under Section 227 CrPC, the Court reiterated that a judge must apply judicial mind to determine whether the material raises grave suspicion, not mere conjecture, and is not expected to act as a post office for the prosecution. On merits, the Court held that Section 354C IPC (voyeurism) was not attracted as there was no allegation of the complainant being engaged in a “private act,” and photographs taken in a common area do not constitute voyeurism. Section 506 IPC was also not made out due to absence of any specific threat, while Section 341 IPC failed as the appellant was enforcing a lawful injunction and the complainant had no enforceable right of entry. The Court cautioned against mechanical prosecutions arising from civil disputes, noting that such cases burden the justice system and undermine fair trial rights. Consequently, the accused was discharged.