The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) refers to a common set of civil laws governing matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, maintenance, and succession for all citizens, irrespective of religion. Its constitutional basis lies in Article 44 of the Constitution, a Directive Principle of State Policy, which urges the State to secure a uniform civil code across India. Supporters argue that UCC promotes equality, gender justice, legal uniformity, and national integration by replacing religion-based personal laws. Critics, however, contend that it may interfere with religious freedom and India’s cultural diversity. The Supreme Court has repeatedly highlighted the desirability of a UCC in cases such as Shah Bano Case and Sarla Mudgal Case. Assam’s passage of the UCC Bill, 2026 marks another significant step in the ongoing debate over balancing equality, social reform, and religious autonomy in India.